![]() ![]() This study attempted to apply some of their procedures and methods to a Korean corpus. They reported that the distribution of probability density curves for all speakers was right-skewed, which may be related to human vocal fold properties that can be stretched to produce higher f0 values, but not below the anatomical contraction limit. One contained ten conversations between young, native Finnish-speaking adults the other included shorter dialogues among eight adult men and women. compared f0 distributions of two conversational Finnish speech corpora. In sum, f0 may vary greatly both by a speaker’s anatomy and emotional state during speech communication.įew studies have dealt with f0 measurements in spontaneous speech ( Lennes et al., 2016). Boothroyd (1986) reported f0 ranges from 70 to 200 Hz in men, 140 to 400 Hz in women, and 180 to 500 Hz in children. In this way, speakers can express their emotional state, controlling the speed of vocal fold vibration. ![]() Anatomically, the vocal folds can be lengthened with increased tension when the cricothyroid muscle contracts, causing the cricoid to tilt back and thereby stretching the vocal folds. It also varies as the speaker changes the tension of the laryngeal muscles and, to some extent, subglottal pressure ( Lieberman, 1967). Thus, the vocal fold vibration of women, who have smaller vocal cords, is predictably faster than that of men. f0 can be regarded as inversely proportional to the mass and length of the vocal fold and proportional to the tension ( Boothroyd, 1986). f0 tends to vary depending on intrinsic anatomical factors and extrinsic psychological factors ( Yang, 1990). People can roughly identify a speaker’s sex or age group by listening to the range of pitch from a brief excerpt of his/her speech. The fundamental frequency is also referred to as pitch, emphasizing the perceptual dimension of a sound property ( Zheng & Brette, 2017). Further studies would be desirable of the use of statistical measures to secure reliable f0 values of individual speakers.Ī speaker’s vibrations of vocal folds are acoustically measured by the fundamental frequency or f0 ( Fant, 1973). From these results, we conclude that an examination of a spontaneous speech corpus can provide linguists with useful measures to generalize acoustic properties of f0 variability in a language by an individual or groups. Finally, an analysis of the continuous f0 points of intonational phrases revealed that the initial and final segments of the phrases yielded several f0 measurement errors. As the mode of an individual speaker could be predicted from the median, either the median or mode could serve as a good reference for the individual f0 range. Regression analyses based on age and f0 values yielded negligible R-squared values. The female f0 range, with a bimodal distribution, appeared wider than that of the male group. The mode of the total f0 data was 102 Hz. The speakers produced spontaneous speech within a frequency range of 274 Hz (from 65 Hz to 339 Hz), excluding statistical outliers. The results showed that the f0 values of all the Korean speakers were right-skewed, with a pointy distribution. Statistical analyses of the f0 distribution were conducted using R. Praat scripts were created to collect f0 values, and a majority of obvious errors were corrected manually by watching and listening to the f0 contour on a narrow-band spectrogram. The corpus consists of 40 speakers talking freely about their daily activities and their personal views. The current study examined the f0 distribution of a corpus of spontaneous speech in order to provide normative data for Korean speakers. The fundamental frequency, or f0, is an important acoustic measure in the prosody of human speech. ![]()
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